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These rights were a variant that came into use after the Civil war. Secession was based off of this. The state rights tone was set in the preamble to the Confederate Constitution in the significant phrase, “each State acting in its sovereign and independent character.” The struggle for these rights still continues today.
Causes
The Tenth Amendment says that any power not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states. Also, many states really wanted to be more independent, such as South Carolina. Those southern states were talking about how they weren't getting their rights, when they really meant slavery. They wanted slavery, while the north did not, inevitably sparking a war.
Effects
One effect of states rights was that seven states in the south had formed the Confederate States of America. Another effect that links with the first effect is that the Constitution of confederacy began. Many states today are still in this constant loop between states rights, and the government. In fact, the reason that states can legalize certain things in their area, is because of these rights.